Sunday, November 30, 2008

The Devil's Triangle: My Experience

Florida is a state full of legends and mysteries, but no Florida mystery has attracted more attention over the years then The Bermuda Triangle. Do I believe? Well, my own experience makes me wonder.
Florida is a state full of legends and mysteries. The Fountain of Youth was sought after by Pounce de Leon when he arrived there, in what today is Saint Augustine, on April 2,1513. The Satan Tree which was said to drip sap that could kill a man was supposed to exist somewhere deep in Central Florida (its probably in Disney World and theres a long line to see it!). The Skunk Ape, named for its obnoxious odor, is Floridas version of the Yeti or Sasquatch and has been sited throughout the State. But no Florida mystery has attracted more attention over the years then The Bermuda Triangle.

Known better to locals as The Devils Triangle, its a supposed triangular area covering thousands of miles where ships, planes and people simply vanish. Although researchers disagree about the actual dimensions of the area, most will say that the Triangle stretches from the east coast of Florida over to Bermuda, down to Puerto Rico and back up to Florida again.

In all fairness, anyone that has ever taken in the sun on the Miami or Fort Lauderdale beaches knows how strange the weather in that area is. One minute its sunny and warm, the next minute the wind kicks up and your being pelted with hard rain. It can be cloudy with rain pouring down on one side of a street, while the other is sunny and pleasant. Its possible and even likely that the odd weather conditions and sudden changes in temperature or conditions has contributed to more then a few ship and aircraft disasters. But theres more to the story then weird weather.

Missing ships, planes and people are a part of life and the price some have to pay for travel, but the Triangle has had more then its share. No one thinks much about the numbers until some major disaster or odd disappearance happens. In all, over 1000 people have vanished without a trace during the last thirty years in the Triangle. Statistics vary on the numbers of ships and planes missing and never found, but its easily in the hundreds.

The area came to the Governments attention in 1945. Flight 19 departed the Fort Lauderdale Naval Air Station on December 5, 1945. Fourteen men in five Avenger torpedo bombers were scheduled to practice daylight bombing in the Hen and Chicken Shoals, but appeared to have navigation problems. Radio transmissions intercepted by Lt. Robert Cox, a flight instructor, indicated the planes may have been headed in the wrong direction. Cox may have made things worse by giving one of the Flight 19 pilots directions based on where he thought they were, instead of their actual position.

By nightfall, the flight was out of communication with the Naval Air Station. Several rescue aircraft were sent out in response to the emergency. One was a Martin Mariner flying boat. With several redundant hulls designed for survival in the water, it was largely considered unsinkable. Despite this, the Mariner and its crew vanished. Some believe it may have caught fire and ditched into the ocean. A ships crew reported seeing an explosion or fire in the night sky near where the Mariner was to rendezvous with other rescue aircraft, but no trace of the Mariner or its crew was ever found. Others say that what the ship hands probably saw were flares associated with the rescue effort.

Several ships also vanished while searching for Flight 19, but thats not the strangest part of the story. For days after the Avengers disappeared, Marines were dispatched in small groups to search Floridas east coast beaches for any debris or bodies from the missing flight or rescue crafts that were also presumed lost. A classified military report on the entire episode was leaked to the press years later and indicated that during the third day of the search, a group of ten marines combing the beach near Miami just vanished!

The Marines were never seen again. If a few had gone missing, one might attribute it to drowning or desertion, but it seems unlikely that all ten would just not be there anymore. And this isnt uncommon. More then a few people on pleasure boats have reported having a conversation with someone on the craft, turning away, then turning back to find them gone. As in the case of the famed Marty Celeste, a ship which vanished in 1872, both large vessels and pleasure boats have been found floating adrift in various parts of the Triangle with no crew on board.

Without signs of fire, disaster or mishap, passengers and crews just disappeared from sea worthy ships. It seems ludicrous that anyone would abandon a ship for no good reason in the middle of an ocean? Some attribute this to attempts at piracy, but the vessels were never found looted. Some carried expensive cargo, others were found with peoples purses or wallets on board containing large amounts of cash. Salvage rights has been another proposed theory to explain the abandoned ships, but in many cases no one directly benefited from the discovery of these abandoned vessels.

While its true that the story of Flight 19 has become serious convoluted and exaggerated over the years, we still have the missing aircraft, ships and people that had been a part of that training flight and the subsequent rescue effort. Every few years someone tries to find one or more of the missing ships or planes and claims a fantastic discovery.

In the early 1990s, UNSOLVED MYSTERIES made a big deal of someone finding one of the torpedo bombers on the ocean floor. The number painted on the body of the bomber even seemed to match that of one of the missing planes. But on closer examination, and much to their dismay, the serial number on the engine did not match any of those from Flight 19 and the supposed matching number of the plane was actually from another flight.

Torpedo Bombers werent just used for training missions. By the end of World War II, they were obsolete aircraft and became targets themselves. There could be literally hundreds of torpedo bombers lying fairly intact on the bottom of the ocean in the Bermuda Triangle. Some were slightly damaged during shooting or bombing practices, while others were just allowed to sink if missed during training sessions, but none so far found have proven to be from Flight 19. It took a disaster of equal or greater magnitude to prove how strange the Triangle really is.

Despite warnings not to launch because of chilly conditions, the Space Shuttle Challenger took off from Kennedy Space Center on January 28, 1986 and exploded over the ocean. In an effort to find out what went wrong, a search for pieces of the shuttle was launched that may well have been the greatest military and government search effort ever conducted. After searching what amounted to ten thousand square miles of ocean bottom, they found all the bodies of the astronauts and most of the shuttle. In all this searching, not one aircraft or ship that had ever vanished mysteriously in the Triangle was located. Many known wrecks and a few unknown ones were found, but nothing else.

What is the Triangle? A giant sea sink hole? Time Warp? UFO base? Energy vortex? I dont have the answer to that question. Rather then speculate on theories or use any more space re-telling Triangle stories youve probably already read or heard about, Ill share my own Triangle experience with you in the hope that it may add to the truth, and not distract from it.

My first visit to Florida was in the Spring of 1966 when I was just ten years old. Talk of the Triangle was at a lull in those days. Although I had already been reading non-fiction books about the paranormal for about a year by that time, the topics were usually ghost or UFO related. None, that I can recall, had specifically mentioned Triangle events or disappearances. When I arrived in Fort Lauderdale with my parents for a two week vacation, I did so without any knowledge of the strangeness associated with the region.

We stayed in a Fort Lauderdale hotel, just across the street from the beach. The only strange thing that happened to me during the first few days of our vacation was waking up in the morning to find Spring Break college students passed out everywhere just outside of our efficiency suite. I mean they were just lying on the ground, sleeping in chairs and under the stairs. It was upsetting and a bit scary, but nothing compared to what I was about to deal with.

Near the end of our first week, my parents got a call from the front desk. The hotel was offering free Bahamas weekend trips to guests. The trip included two days and one night free at a hotel, plus a luxurious charter flight to and from the Islands. The object was to get people there for gambling. Although my folks werent big on gambling, they thought the trip might be fun and made reservations for the last weekend of our vacation.

Too busy having fun in the hotel pool and at the beach, I didnt give the trip much thought until about a few days before the flight. I had always had a sort of sixth sense when it came to certain things. I would hear a song playing in my head before turning on the radio, then the song would be on the radio. The same with television. I would start thinking about a certain movie or a favorite episode of some TV series and it would be on when I started watching. It would be easy to through all that up to revolving music and TV schedules and even chance, but sometimes its scary how right I could be about things.

The view from the balcony of the hotel was spectacular! It afforded a wide panorama of the Atlantic Ocean. Large and small ships could be seen traveling back and forth all day, while surfers gave it their best on small waves headed in towards the beach. But the early evening was my favorite time to look out over the water. Things quieted down and I found the sound of waves crashing against the shore to be soothing. But two days before the Bahamas weekend trip, I looked out at the ocean that evening and felt very troubled. The feeling grew stronger the next morning. Not wanting to upset my folks, I said nothing as they headed out to the beach. I stayed inside having had just a bit too much sun over the past week and a half.

I watched TV and enjoyed the air conditioning, while occasionally peeking out the front window to laugh at the college guys who were making complete fools of themselves down in the pool in an effort to pick up girls. I didnt look out toward the ocean. Despite these diversions, my thoughts always returned to the upcoming weekend trip. When I began to think about not going, I felt some peace. Chalk it up to the built in protective instinct that all children have, but there was no way I was going to take that trip.

After baking in the sun for a few hours in the morning, my parents came in for lunch. I wanted to speak right up, but decided to wait until after the meal. Then I told them. I dont want to go on that trip to the Bahamas. It was simple, direct and honest. My folks were shocked! It was unlike me to be so defiant. Even though they wondered why, I had no answers to offer. At ten years of age, it was tough to put feelings that you didnt understand into words.

Despite attempts to change my mind and an insistence that I was going, I assured my parents that nothing was going to get me on that plane. By the day of the trip, my folks gave up. Maybe they were afraid I would freak out during the flight or were just two exhausted from a vacation filled with activities to be bothered with the trip. Either way, they made me the fall guy claiming that I had ruined the familys one chance to see the Bahamas. Fortunately, my folks went out on Friday evening to a show in the hotel and I didnt have to hear about it all night. I stayed up late Friday watching old movies on TV and felt the best I had in days.

Although I was normally up with the sun, six oclock came and went without me the next morning. My parents hadnt come in until after one thirty, so they wouldnt be getting up early that day either. The phone rang just around eight oclock. I woke up, but couldnt drag myself out of bed fast enough to answer it. My father woke up and took the call. It was the front desk. There was a short conversation that I couldnt hear, then my dad went back to bed.

Once I was awake, it was hard for me to go back to bed. After making a pit stop in the restroom, I headed for the TV. Our efficiency suite was divided enough to allow me to watch TV, close the door to the room where my parents were sleeping and not disturb them. I loved those Saturday morning superhero cartoons! The phone rang again around ten oclock, but my father answered it again before I could. By eleven, both my parents were up. There seemed to be a long discussion going on, but I couldnt tell what was being said and just figured they were making plans for our departure on Monday morning.

Lunch was an unusually muted affair. No one really spoke except to lay out a few plans for the rest of the day. Clouds gathered throughout the afternoon, so we decided to spend it at the movies instead of the beach. Although I wanted to see a monster flick, we ended watching THE SINGING NUN. If there was a hell, I wanted the producer of that film to go there! After the movie, we stopped at a fast food place and brought some back to the efficiency. There still wasnt much conversation.

That evening I went to a small game room just off of the hotel lobby to play pinball and some other games of the period. There was a lot of activity in the lobby. Police came and went, and people were calling to ask about friends and relatives staying at the hotel. After about an hour of listening to the front desk conversations with one ear and hearing the bells and whistles of the pinball game with the other, I figured what had happened.

It seems that the charter plane carrying those who went on the weekend trip to the Bahamas had vanished! It carried passengers who were guests at a number of area hotels, including ours. About eight guests from our hotel had been aboard. I figured out later that the first early morning phone call to our room had been to see if we were in or had taken the flight, while the second was to find out if we knew any others that might have passed on the trip.

My parents were the type of people who were not up to speed with pop culture or anything out of the ordinary. To them, The Beatles were either bugs in our garage or a passing fad. Tom Jones was about as wild as it got for their taste. I had to buy any books about the paranormal with my own allowance money because they thought such material was junk. The first time that ROSEMARYS BABY aired on TV, my folks wouldnt let me watch it and actually confiscated the small TV I had in my bedroom to be sure that I wouldnt. I was thirteen at the time! Given all that, I knew that the incident with the plane would just never get discussed, and it never did.

I still cant explain what happened or why I didnt want to get on that plane. When I think about it, Im reminded of any number of stories Ive heard about people obeying a sense of doom and missing a flight or not keeping an appointment, only to find it saved their lives. But thats the real mystery of The Devils Triangle. Despite our best efforts to explain it all away with science, coincidence or a closer examination of the facts, the place keeps throwing things in our face that are a little stranger then our ability to fully understand them.

About the Author

A native New Yorker now living in Arizona, Bill Knell is a forty-something guy with a wealth of knowledge and experience. He's written hundreds of articles on a wide variety of subjects. A popular Speaker, Bill Knell presents seminars on a number of topics that entertain, train and teach. A popular radio and television show Guest, you've heard Bill on thousands of top-rated shows in all formats and seen him on local, national and international television programs.


Africa?s Rainforests?Can They Be Saved?




 



Africa?s Rainforests?Can They Be Saved?Submitted By: James Weis  
















It?s a wonder to think of this beautiful content and how much life and history it contains. While on safari, it?s easy to get a keen sense of how diverse and beautiful Africa is, even in the remotest of regions. It?s also a wonder to think that a crucial part of Africa, if not protected, will be gone forever, along with some of the most amazing species of animals, plants and indigenous tribes.


African rainforests are famous for their gorillas, chimpanzees, elephants and native dwellers like its pygmies. For centuries, only scattered groups of native hunter-gatherers and Bantu-speaking subsistence farmers disturbed the forest realm. Then, in the 19th century, European loggers and plantation owners moved in. Deforestation began then and continues today.


What is deforestation?


Deforestation is the clearing of trees and woodlands. Today, the clearing of trees in the rainforests of Africa is on the increase. In West Africa, rainforests are being cleared at 2% a year, and at over 5% a year in areas of Cote d'Ivoire. In East Africa, rainforests are being cleared in patterns of previously segmented plots of land. Obviously wildlife in these areas is becoming increasingly endangered from the destruction of its habitat, as well as from constant hunting.


Today, the governments of rainforest countries are now torn between the need to protect their endangered rainforests and the need for the money, roads and jobs that foreign logging companies bring in. Growing populations, swollen by war refugees, are razing rainforest to make way for farmland; poachers are picking off chimpanzees and gorillas to sell to the profitable bushmeat trade, and wood from trees is being utilized for cooking.


Is all hope lost?


Are we to say goodbye to one of the earth?s most amazing natural habitats? In 1999, the six countries of the Congo Basin?Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea?pledged to harmonize forestry laws and form a joint watchdog system to track the effects of logging and poaching. One year later, they took the first step toward putting that pledge into action: the creation of the tri-national Sangha Park, a reserve that will cover more than one million hectares of rainforest in Cameroon, the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo.


Why is this so important?


Consider these points:


? The extinction of species?dozens per day.


? Increasing poverty in already poor populations.


? Degradation of African ecosystems creating major damage of the food base.


? Increasing global warming and prolonged droughts in Africa by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the air.


There may be some solutions to improve this seemingly hopeless situation. These include regulating the logging industry in Africa and enacting and enforcing laws to protect forests and wildlife preserves. A collective and dedicated effort by anyone and everyone can make a change for the better and perhaps preserve the remaining rainforests in Africa for future generations.



















Tuesday, November 25, 2008

Internet in Russia and Ukraine Part 2. Major Ru

Net Search Engines and DirectoriesVyacheslav Melnik This article offers an updated list of the Russian and Ukrainian search sites to webmasters and website owners who seek to expand internationally. To read General Information on RuNet and UaNet, please go to http://www.azurel10n.com/arrunet1.htm

Russian Search Engines and Directories

Yandex.ru


Founded in 1997 as a search engine and directory, the site currently provides some additional search and indexing services via Yandex projects such as zakladki.ru, narod.ru, smart system for choosing goods, link popularity check, etc. Yandex indexes the Russian portion of the Internet, Russia-related resources and some Cyrillic Web resources in languages of ex-Soviet republics, Ukrainian in particular. The search engine reads meta tags and considers keyword density and link popularity in its ranking algorithm. The Yandex directory still accepts sites without payment, but the free inclusion procedure may take months and provides no guarantee for placement. To be listed in the directory within three working days, commercial and non-commercial sites must pay US$249 and $49 respectively, plus VAT. Generally speaking, Yandex looks like Yahoo when it comes to the controversial idea of charging for listing in a directory, while a free-inclusion search engine drives primary search results on the site. In addition to HTML-formatted content, the Yandex search engine indexes PDF, RTF and dynamically generated pages. By mid-September 2003, Yandex had indexed about 110 million pages with unique content.

Rambler.ru


The site is a search engine combined with two directory-based rating systems: Rambler's Top100 and Rambler's TopShop. Since its foundation in 1996, the search engine has been indexing the Russian Web segment and the content with domains of other post-Soviet countries. Rambler ignores meta tags. Being listed in the Top100 directory is very beneficial to a site, because the Rambler search engine reviews the listed URLs daily, while other sites are visited every two weeks at most, except news sites that are spidered five times a day. Rambler offers free inclusion service. The search engine conducts over 1.1 million searches a day.

Aport.ru


Search engine and directory. Aport indexes the Russian Web segment and the content with domains of other post-Soviet countries. The ranking algorithm considers meta tags, alt and title tags, keyword density, inbound links, commentaries and some other factors. The search engine indexes dynamic pages. The integrated directory is based on @Rus, once an independent search site. Both search engine and directory offer free inclusion. Aport operates as a constituent part of a Rol.ru portal that, in addition to its search options, offers services nationwide as an ISP and provides access to news (Rol.ru/news), sample essays (Referat.ru), entertainment pages (OMEN.Ru) and online games (Absolute games).

Google.com.ru - Not Google.Ru!


Despite Google still lags behind the above search engines in Runet / Uanet search traffic, it becomes increasingly popular with the local searchers. Some opinion polls state that Google still accounts for three to nine percent of Runet search traffic, but many webmasters and analysts believe that its share in total searches on the Russian search sites is 10 percent at the very least. Google applies its general indexing rules to any Web content in Russian or related to Russia, whether or not a domain name is specific to Runet. This is a big advantage over its Russian competitors that are not so friendly to the websites with domain names like yoursite.com, yoursite.org, etc. and require them email their applications for inclusion. However, there seems little chance of Google taking the lead in Russia and Ukraine unless it improves its search algorithm in terms of the Russian and Ukrainian language morphology (flexions, synonyms, etc.). The drawback to morpheme search also means that web copy in Russian or Ukrainian should be crafted specifically for Google.

Many users still confuse Google (www.google.com.ru) with Google.Ru (www.google.ru). The first address is the true URL path to Google's standard interface in Russian, while the second domain name has been cybersquatted on since August 2001. The site Google.Ru now operates as an information portal that delivers brand-name Google's search results.

Lycos.ru


Lycos Russia, a branch of Lycos Europe, first appeared on the Internet in August 2001. You can add your URLs to Lycos Russia's search engine and directory for free. The search site is very helpful in doing the combined global-and-regional searches. Obviously, Lycos Russia stands a good chance of being ranked higher among the local search sites, but it may take a few more years for Lycos, still popular with Europeans, to ensure its profitability and growth on the Russian Web.

Punto.ru


Search engine. Founded in 2001. Punto can filter out duplicated copy in search results, leaving the most relevant page. The search site has a software module that changes misspellings so that any misspelled keyword or phrase you type in cannot affect search results. Searches in Ukrainian are possible as well. The ranking algorithm places great importance on link popularity.

Turtle.ru


The search engine with a bit peculiar name began operating in mid-2002, having over 81 million pages in its searchable database. Despite its name, Turtle does searches quite fast, but it displays the less relevant search results, compared to the top four engines. Turtle declares that it indexes the regional Internet portions of ex-Soviet republics (the CIS countries) in their national languages as well as the Russian-language Web resources of other countries. However, when I tested Turtle recently, it failed to do searches in Ukrainian. Automatic submission is not allowed.

Tela.ru


A search engine that spiders the Russian portion of the Internet and considers the Russian-language morphology. There is a Ukrainian search page on the site, but it provides poor search results in Ukrainian. Tela needs no submission for a webpage to be indexed.

Metabot.ru


Meta search engine. Russian and English versions.

Mail.ru (formerly known as List.ru)


Directory and email services. Free listing in directory database.

Russia on the Net - www.ru


The very first directory on the Russian Internet, founded in September 1995. Russian and English versions. Free inclusion.

Begun.ru


The pay-per-click ad placement provider began operating in 2002. Begun uses a sort of simplified FindWhat model, allowing advertisers to bid on keyword phrases and placing pay-per-click ads on the search sites and portals throughout Runet. Minimum cost-per-click charge is $0.05, and minimum deposit is $5. If you want to drive traffic to your site via Begun, you have to choose proper keywords, write a text link ad and put in your bid on the keywords. Begun's main partners are search engines and directories such as Aport, KM.ru, Refer.ru and Sotovik. PPC advertising currently is rather innovative service on the Russian Net.

Virtalog.ru


Founded in 2000, the directory is designed specifically for exporting its content to other websites. Virtalog includes websites into its index free, but those who want to add the directory to their sites should pay $20 to 2,500, depending on how it will be tailored to the webpages in terms of design and goods/services categories. However, Virtalog offers free limited content (within any one category), if you agree to place their banner ad on your page.

KM.ru


Founded in 2002 by Cyril and Methodius Company that is best known in Russia and other post-Soviet countries for its CD reference books and encyclopedias, the site incorporates 20 portals and a daily e-newspaper. Most popular are its directory, and email and Web search services. KM.ru offers free inclusion in its listings. Some 80,000 sites are listed in the directory as of September 2003.

Refer.ru


The directory began operating in December 2000. Refer.ru not only allows you to add your website, i.e. your home page, but in addition to that some internal pages as well. Since April 2002, Refer.ru has been carrying on advertising campaigns in partnership with Begun. In early September 2003, Refer.ru had over 235,000 URLs stored in its database. Free inclusion services.

Top Uanet Search Engines and Directories

The vast majority of the Ukrainian Web resources are in Russian, especially when it comes to news and sales. All the government-related sites have content in Ukrainian, some of them post a Russian version, and in a very few cases they have an English version as well. The most popular servers can be found via the above Russian search engines and directories, but Ukraine has its own national search sites that are much more helpful in doing the country-specific searches.

МЕТА.ua


Search engine and register (directory), founded in 1998. META is designed to search the Ukrainian portion of the Internet as well as Ukraine-related sites on the global Web. META conducts some 100,000 searches daily. By mid-September 2003, META had indexed more than 5.5 million URLs and included about 25,000 websites in its register. To be listed in the register, a website must pertain to Ukraine, say geographically or by content. META offers free inclusion services and declares that a site will be listed in the search database within one to two weeks. The indexing process, however, may drag on for months unless you place their banner ad on your website.

UaPortal.com.ua


Directory and news site in Russian and Ukrainian. Founded in April 2000. The free inclusion service may take weeks or months for your site to be added, but an about nine-dollar fee cut down your long wait to 24 hours. In addition, UAPortal recommends placing their banner ad on your site, promising the shorter review time. There were over 16,000 websites listed in the directory in early September 2003.

Google.com.ua


Google in Ukrainian. See Google.com.ru above.

UaPlus.com


A new search engine that began operating in late June 2003. Developed by Miraline Co. in cooperation with the Kiev National University, the Linux-based project uses its own unique moduls instead of Apache, MySQL and other popular software. UAPlus has indexed over five million pages within the Ukrainian and international portions of the Web. No submission required.

ASearch (search.avanport.com)


Search engine and directory in Russian and Ukrainian. Founded in 1998. Free inclusion. Only Ukraine-related sites are accepted and added to the directory. The search engine indexes the Ukrainian portion of the Internet. ASearch claims to be the leader, holding the most powerful search engine in Ukraine. However, in September 2003, the site showed its statistics of November 2001. That time they had about 18,000 websites listed and over two million pages indexed. ASearch's job section still is very popular with employers and job seekers.

UaPort.net


The site is an ELVISTI project that combines a directory with an information search system on the Ukrainian Web. Free inclusion. Upon submission, UAport invites a website to place their button in exchange for a shorter consideration procedure. The directory had some 6,000 websites listed in its 22 categories in early September 2003.

TopPing.com.ua


Directory, rating system and counter. Free inclusion. Placing TopPing button (visible counter) on a site is essential for those who wish to use the rating and counting services free.

Alpha-counter (A-counter.com.ua)


Directory, rating system and counter. Founded in 1998. Free inclusion. Free invisible counter is available, but you need to place a text reference to the provider. More than twenty thousand websites stored in the database as of September 10, 2003.

Bigmir.net


Directory and rating system. Founded in 2000.



Sunday, November 23, 2008

Profiting From Viral Marketing

Profiting From Viral Marketing

By Chris Kalaboukis, CTO, SwapSmarts.com

Looking at the incredible success of hotmail, super friend whazzup videos and other viral marketing techniques, I decided to do some investigation on viral marketing, how and why it works, and how and why it doesn't work. Many people tout the amazing spread of viral marketing messages, but what company has truly profited from viral marketing? So I asked the question: Can anyone give me an example of where viral marketing actually generated massive sales growth?

First, lets start with the concept of viral marketing: viral marketing is simply a new way of describing an old concept: Word of mouth. Word of mouth sells everything from movies and books to search engine technology. Viral marketing takes word of mouth, and applies new tools and techniques in order to spread the word about a product or service. The big difference between viral marketing and word of mouth is reach: word of mouth is local, viral marketing can be global. The other difference is that with viral marketing the message becomes the object which is spread, not the recommendation for the product or service. This differentiation is key, which illustrates the breakdown between word of mouth and viral marketing. Viral marketing is not as effective as most people say it is. Many people seem feel that this is the only type of marketing they need to do, its free and it will bring in millions. That's true, but only if you are called PayPal, Napster or Amazon.com and have the money to back up your viral campaign with traditional marketing.

Word of mouth is a specific recommendation for a specific product or service based on a request, or an extremely positive experience with a product or service.

Viral Marketing concentrates on brand awareness, as opposed to recommending a specific product or service: it can only be used to spread awareness of a product or service, not to sell the product or service. Viral Marketing is not marketing: it is more akin to advertising.

To illustrate, here are a few attributes of successful viral marketing:

1: The message you are spreading must be free

While you can spread the word about things that cost money, unless they have a small niche or very compelling story, they will not spread as easily as things that are free. For example, can you imagine Hotmail (the prime viral marketing example) spreading as fast or as far if you had to pay for it when you signed up? Or PayPal?

2: The message you are spreading is easy to spread (such as forwarding an email)

Objects are easier to spread when they are self contained, and the spreader can spread the object using a familiar tool, like email. Refer a friend forms are good too, but if something can be made into an object, from a video clip to a URL it can be passed faster, because the spreader can use familiar communications tools to do the spreading.

3: The thing you are spreading is interesting or funny, or provides value

The item has to appeal to the audience it is going to. If it doesn't then no one will forward it.

4: Spreading the thing does not reward the spreader (very important)

While this point is flexible, it truly differentiates a viral campaign from an affiliate program. The item to be passed must have enough value in it so that the spreader spreads it of their own accord, with no monetary incentive. If there is an incentive, then we have to call the spreaders motive into question. Would they have spread the virus had there been no monetary incentive? If so then the object will have little value to the recipient.

For example, in the UK last year, Virgin sent out an email to 25 people, offering two free theater tickets to the recipients and to anyone they could refer. They had 20,000 available tickets and they ran out in three hours. This is a good example of viral marketing. It met all four criteria above, but as stated before, it raised awareness of Virgin; it did not help sell theater tickets. Virgin got press, attention, their message was spread, but did they make any sales directly related to the viral marketing piece? This is unknown. Did they spend a ton of money to buy those tickets: yes, unless they owned the tickets. If you go by the adage that viral marketing is advertising, its OK, because the main purpose of advertising is brand awareness.

Viral Marketing = Brand Awareness

So thats the nutshell: there is no direct connection with viral marketing and sales, just like there is no direct connection between advertising and sales. However, there are ways in which you can build a connection between viral marketing and sales.

A Two Tier System

The two tier system: give away a subset of your product for free, but charge for the full version or give away a free version of your product and sell an enhanced pay version. For example, lets say that you give away a free monthly newsletter on topic X which is 8 pages long, then charge a fee for a extra or expanded version of the newsletter, which is double or triple the length with more information. The danger here is that this could backfire if you provide the wrong balance of features in the pay vs. free version. For example, readers of the pay version may find enough value in the free version and not enough additional value in the pay version in order to keep subscribing.

A Giveaway System

In this example, you are a garden tool retailer. You email a few people on your opt-in list and tell them they qualify for a free packet of seeds. You give them a link to a choice of 10 or twelve types; let them choose the ones they want. You then send out the free seeds with some sales material - you tell them to tell their friends to claim a packet of seeds in the same way by hitting the web site. You may lose money on the seeds, but could be the first company they will think about when they see that sunflower in their garden. They may think of you when their shovel breaks. If not seeds, send something else. You do not have to send out expensive items. Seeds as in the example will go in the mail with a few flyers and a small catalog.

A Discounting System

What if the free thing that you are spreading is a discount for your product or service? In my opinion, this is the most effective method to tying sales to your viral marketing system. For example, lets say that you sell computer training manuals. You send a note to your opt-in email list, go to this website and sign up for a 20% off coupon on any book sale. When they hit the site, encourage them to refer this offer to a friend, where they can enter a friends email address in order to send them the 20% off offer as well. Ensure that the person who is doing the sending does not get a discount just for sending, but only for signing up. When the friend signs up, they can do the same to their friends. Dont worry about the amount of coupons this type of campaign eventually generates: every coupon which goes out could lead to a sale so the more, the merrier.

Conclusion

Not every product or service can be sold via viral marketing. Viral marketing sometimes involves an expense but when used effectively, it can reduce your costs. Remember that viral marketing is NOT about making more sales, but a branding exercise. It doesn't have to be a product that is custom designed to spread virally, it just has to be something worth talking about.

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Chris Kalaboukis is CTO of SwapSmarts: http://swapsmarts.com
Chris has 17+ years of experience in internet, information technology and business development with web design, wireless, high-speed internet, cable television and entertainment firms. His current site features over a thousand experts ready to give advice on 1000+ topics

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PROFOUND KNOWLEDGEPeter Andersen

Profound Knowledge by FocusedImpact.com

We all are on a quest for knowledge. Whether its information that will make our lives easier or just small packets of data that in a trivial way allows us to sort out why things are the way they are on this planet. As intelligent beings we are constantly receiving and sorting information, in most instances, we are overwhelmed. Therefore, when relevant information arrives that is meaningful, concise and thought provoking, we have a tendency to reflect on this data for the principles and guidance that it offers. Here are seven insights that are worthy of the title Profound Knowledge.

1. LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES: R.E.S.P.E.C.T.
Respect is essential for effective leadership. Lack of respect will require a leader to work twice as hard to realize their objectives. Furthermore, leaders can't be successful as disconnected individuals, no matter how great their individual expertise or potential is. To be an effective leader, you must have the support and respect of those you lead.

2. PARADIGMS: BREAKING THE MOLD
Paradigms are sets of rules and regs that establish the boundaries of what is currently believed to be possible within a given field. Therefore, our perceptions of reality, based on our paradigms, dramatically effect our business decisions. Likewise, we try to make future decisions by basing them on our current paradigms. Case in point, in 1968 Swiss watch makers had over 60% of the world's marketshare. By 1978, their dominance shrank to a mere 10%. What happened? The current paradigm had shifted and a new paradigm was born... It was the Swiss that first developed the quartz watch however they did nothing to protect their ideas and freely displayed the new quartz at world watch conferences. Seiko quickly capitalized on this new method of watch design and significantly enhanced their marketshare to become a world leader.

3. THE NEED FOR LONG-TERM VISION: THE PELICAN BRIEF
The pelican catches fish by flying high over their unsuspecting victims then diving at a high rate of speed into the water to forcefully overcome their prey. Although a successful method, this process eventually leads to their demise. You see, diving from high altitudes damages their eyes and slowly breaks down other vital functions that allow for their success. Eventually, the pelican goes blind and is unable to fish at all.

4. WORD OF MOUTH MARKETING
Businesses have used word of mouth marketing for years. In the case of the liquor industry, it was not uncommon to have paid agents visit trendy bars, order the brand of choice (normally an unknown import) and strike up conversations with both barkeeps and customers in order to establish or talk up a cool image. In many cases it worked!

5. SUCCESS
Studies by Harvard, Stanford and the Carnegie Foundation suggest that success on the job depends 85 percent on people skills and only 15 percent on technical knowledge.

6. ORGANIZATIONS AND GEESE
Geese fly in a V-formation where each bird must take a turn at fighting the wind and being the leader. Each must know the common destination and choose the right course and speed. At any given moment each bird must be capable of leading all the others.

7. CREATIVITY
Creativity does not come from inspiration. Creativity comes from knowledge.

Discover more Profound Knowledge by visiting the
Focused Impact Media Group at http://www.focusedimpact.com

(c) 2001, 2003. Focused Impact Media Group. All Rights Reserved.

This article can be freely published. Please include all copy above this sentence.

PROFOUND KNOWLEDGE - CHAPTER ONEPeter Andersen

Profound Knowledge - Chapter One Written by Focused Impact Media http://www.focusedimpact.com

We all are on a quest for knowledge. Whether it is information that will make our lives easier or just small packets of data that in a trivial way allows us to sort out why things are the way they are on this planet. Therefore, when relevant information arrives that is meaningful, concise and thought provoking, we have a tendency to reflect on this data for the principles and guidance that it offers. Here are a total of fifteen insights, each of which has appeared in previous issues of our monthly newsletter under the highly regarded title of Profound Knowledge.

RISK TAKING / ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1. Norman Vincent Peale: The greatest risk in life is to risk nothing. The person who risks nothing, does nothing, has nothing, is nothing, and becomes nothing.

2. Success is only achieved through progress. Progress is only achieved through risk.

3. If you don't go into the cave of the tiger, how are you going to get its cub?

4. A true optimist knows that it is darkest just before the dawn.

5. Many a false step is made by standing still.

BUSINESS STRATEGIES / CONCEPTS

1. Einstein was often quoted as saying, No problem can be solved from the same consciousness that created it.

2. When you drink the water, remember the well.

3. On the digital battlefield, information is the weapon

of choice. - FocusedImpact.com

4. In business, there is only one rule: whatever works.

5. One principle of chaos theory states that within dynamic systems, a slight variation, can create significant change. Therefore, does the flap of a butterfly wing in Tokyo affect a thunderstorm in Texas? Are events in nature and human relationships driven by the utterfly effect ?

ITEMS TO PONDER:

1. Only 7% of a message is communicated verbally. 35% is conveyed

through intonation and style. Whereas 58% of your message is delivered

by non-verbal cues.

2. Sometimes the grass on the other side of the fence is concrete painted

green.

3. There is nothing more precious than time. Money, love and happiness

do not exist without time.

4. Mark Twain once said, I am an old man and have known a great many

troubles, but most of them never happened.

5. What is knowledge?... He who receives an idea from me receives instruction himself, without lessening mine; just as he who lights his torch at mine receives light himself, without darkening mine. - Thomas Jefferson

Focused Impact Media Group specializes in integrated marketing communications. We are skilled at optimizing results by coordinating multiple communication channels into a highly focused-impact that enhances brand identity, positioning and market awareness. For more information and to receive our popular monthly newsletter visit http://www.focusedimpact.com.

PROFOUND KNOWLEDGE - CHAPTER TWOPeter Andersen

Profound Knowledge - Chapter Two
Written by Focused Impact Media
http://www.focusedimpact.com

We all are on a quest for knowledge. Whether it is information that will
make our lives easier or just small packets of data that in a trivial way
allows us to sort out why things are the way they are on this planet.
Therefore, when relevant information arrives that is meaningful, concise
and thought provoking, we have a tendency to reflect on this data for the
principles and guidance that it offers. Here are a total of seven insights,
each of which has appeared in previous issues of our monthly newsletter
under the highly regarded title of Profound Knowledge.

1. LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES: R.E.S.P.E.C.T.
Respect is essential for effective leadership. Lack of respect will require
a leader to work twice as hard to realize their objectives. Furthermore,
leaders can't be successful as disconnected individuals, no matter how
great their individual expertise or potential is. To be an effective leader,
you must have the support and respect of those you lead.

2. PARADIGMS: BREAKING THE MOLD
Paradigms are sets of rules and regulations that establish the boundaries
of what is currently believed to be possible within a given field. Therefore,
our perceptions of reality, based on our paradigms, dramatically effect our
business decisions. Likewise, we try to make future decisions by basing
them on our current paradigms. Case in point, in 1968 Swiss watch
makers had over 60% of the world's marketshare. By 1978, their dominance
shrank to 10%. What happened? The current paradigm had shifted and a
new paradigm was born. It was the Swiss that first developed the quartz
watch however they did nothing to protect their ideas and freely displayed
the new quartz at world watch conferences. Their paradigms caused them
to think that the old method of watch making would never be challenged.
Seiko quickly capitalized on this new method of watch design and significantly
enhanced their marketshare to become a world leader.

3. THE NEED FOR LONG-TERM VISION: THE PELICAN BRIEF
The pelican catches fish by flying high over their unsuspecting victims then
diving at a high rate of speed into the water to forcefully overcome their prey.
Although a successful method, this process eventually leads to their demise.
You see, diving from high altitudes damages their eyes and slowly breaks
down other vital functions that allow for their success. Eventually, the pelican
goes blind and is unable to fish at all.

4. WORD OF MOUTH MARKETING
Businesses have used word of mouth marketing for years. In the case of the
liquor industry, it was not uncommon to have paid agents visit trendy bars,
order the brand of choice (normally an unknown import) and strike up
conversations with both barkeeps and customers in order to establish or talk
up a cool image. In many cases it worked!

5. SUCCESS
Studies by Harvard, Stanford and the Carnegie Foundation suggest that
success on the job depends 85 percent on people skills and only 15 percent
on technical knowledge.

6. ORGANIZATIONS AND GEESE
Geese fly in a V-formation where each bird must take a turn at fighting the
wind and being the leader. Each must know the common destination and
choose the right course and speed. At any given moment each bird must
be capable of leading all the others.

7. CREATIVITY
Creativity does not come from inspiration. Creativity comes from knowledge.

Focused Impact Media Group specializes in integrated marketing
communications. We are skilled at optimizing results by coordinating
multiple communication channels into a highly focused-impact that
enhances brand identity, positioning and market awareness. For more
information and to receive our popular monthly newsletter visit
http://www.focusedimpact.com.


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